AGRICULTURE IN CUBA TODAY

Cuba has transformed its agricultural sector into a global model of sustainability, agroecology, and community-led food production. Today, Cuban farmers-whether on state land, cooperatives, or private plots-produce high-quality, organic, bio-fertilized crops. These products are sought after at home and abroad. CubaAgriculture.com celebrates a sector feeding a nation while building bridges to international buyers.

World Leader in Biofertilisers.

Cuba is now a world leader in biofertilisers and biological pest controls. When measured by adoption rate-area of biological control relative to total agricultural land-the country ranks first globally. It is followed by Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, Bolivia, and the Dominican Republic. Only Brazil has a larger absolute area. .

Cuban scientists and farmers developed homegrown solutions. These are now the envy of sustainable agriculture advocates worldwide. By 2015, over 220 bio-pesticide centers operated nationwide. Annual compost production from worm farms exceeds 5 million tonnes. .

By 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture used less than 10% of chemical fertilizers. It also used less than 7% of synthetic insecticides compared to the late 1980s. Yet crop yields improved. Cuba also produces GAVAC, the world's only registered vaccine for cattle ticks. It is exported to eight countries. .

Thriving Agroecological Small Farms.

Since 2010, the rise of agroecological small farms has revitalized rural communities. It has reversed urban migration. It has increased biodiversity. Farmers produce higher-value export crops. These include organic coffee, cacao, tropical fruits, and specialty vegetables. .

Urban Agriculture.

Havana is the Caribbean's largest city. It houses 20% of Cuba's population. The city has become a global showcase for urban agriculture. By 2018, over 81,000 acres of urban gardens were under cultivation. Today, 90% of Havana's fresh produce comes from local organic urban farms. More than 200,000 Cubans work in this sector. .

Productivity Gains from 2010 to 2026.

Between 2010 and 2025, the National Program for Soil Improvement benefited over 500,000 hectares. Rice yields improved, reducing import dependence. Cuba is now the second-largest cassava producer in the Caribbean. The citrus sector remains the world's third-largest grapefruit producer. Premium Cuban tobacco-85% produced by small farmers-commands top global prices. .

Livestock, Fisheries, and Exports.

Since 2010, genetic improvements have increased milk yields. Aquaculture has grown with foreign investment. For international buyers, Cuban agriculture offers inherent organic certification. It also offers sustainable supply chains. Unique tropical products include coffee, mango, avocado, and guava. .

Partnerships and The Future.

Cuba has forged partnerships with Venezuela, China, the European Union, and Canada. China imports 400,000 tonnes of Cuban sugar annually. Cuba has exported its urban farming expertise across Latin America. .

cubaagriculture.com connects cooperative farmers, independent usufruct farmers, urban organopónico growers, and state enterprises. It connects them directly with buyers worldwide. Cuban farmers have proven that sustainable agriculture can be productive and profitable. Cuban organic products compete globally on quality, sustainability, and a story of innovation unmatched anywhere in the world. .